Improvement in hydrocarbon-burners



W. W. THOMAS. Hydrocarbon-Burner.

No. 218,337. Patented Aug. 5, 1879.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM W. THOMAS, OF JERSEY'OITY, ASSIGNOR TO DAVID B. GRANT, OFPATERSON, N. J., AS TRUSTEE FOR SAID THOMAS, DOUGLAS S. GRANT, OF NEWYORK, N. Y., AND EDWIN D. MGORAOKEN, OF PATER- son, n. J.

IMPROVEMENT IN HYDROCARBQN-BURNERS Specification forming part of LettersPatent No. 218,337, dated August 5, 1879; application filed May 20,1879.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I; WILLIAM W. THOMAS, of Jersey City, in the county ofHudson and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Atomizers for Burning Hydrocarbons, of which thefollowing is a description, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, forming part of this specification.

This invention relates to apparatus for injecting tar or otherhydrocarbon t0 be used as fuel, in the form of spray, into a furnace orother heating-chamber. Among various purposes or uses it will. be foundespecially advantageous in gas-works, inasmuch as it provides in asimple and practicable manner for the utilization of the tar which isproduced in the manufacture of gas. It may also be very advantageouslyemployed in steam-boiler furnaces of various kinds, and in which a bedof breeze or other solid fuel is used in addition to the tar or otherhydrocarbon.

The invention consists in an atomizer, in which are combined asteam-chamber and tar or hydrocarbon chamber, arranged in front of saidsteam-chamber, and having a contracted spraying opening or duct in itsforward end, and an enlarged spray-delivery nozzle in advance of saidend, and a perforated hollow steam-spindle or elongated nozzle,preferably made adjustable through stuffing-boxes in said chambers, andprovided with an unobstructed contracting steam-issuing orifice in linewith the spraying duct or opening, whereby a straight and cleardischarge is obtained for the hydrocarbon by the steam, aperfeot sprayis produced without liability of the parts to clog, and backing up ofthe hydrocarbon in the apparatusis avoided.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a verticallongitudinal section of a hydrocarbon-atomizer constructed in accordancewith my invention, and Fig. 2 a transverse section of the same on theline x x.

A and 13 indicate thebody of the atomizer, which might be constructed ofa single piece, but which it is preferred to make of two parts or-tubes, A and .B,=iitted to connect at the rear end of one and forwardend of the other bya screw-joint, b, to facilitate construction andcleaning or repair. These tubes AandB,however, have no directcommunication with each other at their connecting ends, but areconstructed to form independent chambers G and D, the rear one of which,0, in the tube A, constitutes a steam-chamber, which is supplied withsteam by an inlet, 0, from a steamgenerator or other steam-chamber,while the forward chamber, D, in the tube B, constitutes a tar orhydrocarbon chamber, which is supplied with hydrocarbon under pressureor by gravity through a lateral inlet, d, from any suitable chamber orsource of supply.

E is the steam-nozzle through which the steam passes from thesteamchamber G into the tar-chamber D, to eject the tar from the latter.This nozzle, which is constructed in the form of a hollow spindle,having an opening in its front end, but closed in its rear, is ofsomewhat greater length than the chambers O and D, within which it isconcentrically arranged, and through the rear of which former chamber,0, it projects to admit of its being rotated from the exterior by acrank or hand-wheel, e, for the purpose of adjusting its forward endnearer to or farther from the ad Vance end of the chamber D, withinwhich the nozzle projects. To effect this adjustment, said hollowspindle or elon gated nozzle E has a screw-thread, f, upon it, arrangedto fit aremale thread or screw-box, g, in the rear end of the tube A,which end of the latter is also provided with a stuffing-box and gland,G, to prevent leakage of steam through the back end of said tube.

It is also preferred to provide a stuifing-box and gland, H, where thehollow spindle or elongated nozzle E passes from the steamchamber 0 intothe tar-chamber D, to prevent leakage between said chambers. Steam issupplied from the chamber 0 to the interior of the hollow spindle orelongated nozzle E by one or more apertures, h, in the side of thelatter within the chamber 0.

The opening 2' in the forward end of the elongated steam-nozzle E formsa contracted orifice, through which the steam issues to eject the tar orhydrocarbon from the chamber D,

and through a spraying opening or duct, 11', in the forward end of thechamber D, from the outer edges of which latter duct or orifice the taras ejected by the steam is distributed in the form of spray within anenlarged spraydelivery or spraying-nozzle I, which connects with thefurnace or heating-chamber it is required to supply with hydrocarbon.

It is important that there should be a ready clearance beyond theadvance edges of the contracted spraying opening or duct 7:, in order toinsure a full or perfect spray by the scattering of the tar as itstrikes and escapes by said edges, which latter it is preferred to makestraight and sharp, or not flaring in an outward direction.

The steam-issuing orifice i, also in the forward end of the elongatednozzle or hollow Spindle E, opposite which the spraying-opening it isarranged, is also of a contracting construction, or not flaring in anoutward direction, but preferably straight, so that as the steam issuesfrom said orifice to drive the tar before it there will be no backaction of the tar or hydrocarbon in the chamber, but said liquid fuelwill be driven directly into and through the contracted spraying openingor duct k. This, likewise, is very important, and it is preferred,generally, to make the opening it; of a larger diameter than the oriticc1'.

Furthermore, although the hollow spindle or elongated nozzle E isadjustable by turning it to the right or left to increase or diminishthe distance between the forward end of said nozzle and the forward endof the chamber D to regulate the quantity of hydrocar bon to beinjected, it is not designed that the forward end of said elongatednozzle and advance end ofthe chamber I) should form a valve andvalve-seat; and instead of being of tapering or conical construction, asshown,:they may be ofany othersuitable tbrm,inasmuch asit is proposed toregulate or open and shut off the supply of steam and hydrocarbon to thechambers U and I) by valves arranged in the supply-pipes to saidchambers. In every instance the forward end of the elongatedsteam-nozzle E and advance end of the chamber 1) will be in moderateproximity with each other; and said nozzle has no valve fitted to it toregulate the discharge of the steam, but is free or unobstructed, as avalve applied to the steam-issuing orifice only adds to thecomplication, and by its liability to clog interferes with the free andperfect action of the atomizer.

When the atomizer is used in connection with a furnace for heatinggas-retort benches, it may be inserted in an opening arranged at anysuitable or convenient point in the wall of the furnace.

Injectors and ejectors have heretofore been constructed with adjustablehollow internal spindles, adapted to convey steam from a steanrchamberand discharge it into an intermediate passage leadingfrom aWater-chamber, said passage being separate from the delivery or finaldischarge nozzle or pipe, and located at a fixed distance therefrom; butnone, so far as I am aware, have a hollow spindle opening near one endin a steam-chamber, and adjustable longitudinally, if desired, within,and opening at the other end in, achamber adapted to containhydrocarbons, and connected directly with a spray-delivery pipe, as inmy atomizer. This direct connection is es sential in order to preventclogging of the ducts when heavy hydrocarbons are used.

I claim- The combination of the detachably-conuccted sections A and B,the former inclosing the steam-chamber U and provided with asteaminduction pipe, and the latter inclosiug the hydrocarbon-chamber D,and having a hydrocarbon induction-pipe and the contractedspraying-opening k, the hollow adjustable spindle E, having thecontracted end aperture 1', opening into the hydrocarbonchamber, and theslot h, opening into the steam-chamber, and the spray-delivery pipe ornozzle I, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

WILLIAM W. THOMAS.

\Vitnesses:

HENRY T. BRoWNE, FREDK. HAYNES.

